Sir: In advanced and civilised societies of the world, two institutions are held in high esteem, i.e. teaching and the judiciary. The former helps in producing excellent brains in various fields of life whereas the latter helps a society in providing quick and cheap justice to those who have been unjustly treated in their respective fields. Both these institutions are stabilising factors for any society. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, both have not been given due importance since the independence of the country in August 1947. The standard of our teaching in almost all our educational institutions has become substandard. Teachers have become selfish and corrupt. They take least interest in performing their assigned duties. Rather, they have become politicians in their educational institutions by framing different unions there. When a teacher becomes corrupt and disinterested in his/her profession for whatever reasons, then the decadence of a society sets in and that is what is happening in our country. It is said that justice delayed is justice denied. In our society, seeking cheap and speedy justice has become a dream for petitioners. Right from the hiring of an expensive lawyer till the final decision of a case by our courts, a petitioner has to face multiple problems. What remains of the utility of a decision that is given in favour of the petitioner after 20 or 25 years when he/she remains no more in this world? Our justice system is both time taking and costly. The 70 percent common population of our country therefore faces a lot of difficulties in seeking justice in time from our justice system. If we want to become an advanced and civilised nation of the world, then we must set our priorities towards bringing reforms both in our teaching and judicial systems. Both should be cheap and within easy access of a common man. Without development of these institutions, it would be hard for us to make substantial progress both in our thoughts and actions. ABDUL SAMAD SAMO Karachi